One of the biggest challenges new bear hunters face is estimating the size of a black bear as it slips into view during the waning hours of daylight. For most, it is the first time they have seen a wild bear, let alone from 40 yards away.
The angle and sightline from a tree stand or the view from inside a ground blind during the golden hour can also play tricks on a hunter’s eyes. Here are the top three proven tips I have given my hunting clients year after year to help them judge black bear size and maturity.
I’m all ears
One of the most easily distinguishable features of a bear is the size of its ears in relation to its overall head size. Much like some dog breeds, black bears tend to grow into their ears as they age. That’s not to say they are born with adult-sized ears, just that their skull development from cub age through two years old is a slower process than ear growth.
Speed in determining whether you are looking at a mature bear is crucial. One of the quickest methods to use is the “Mickey Mouse” test. If the bear has ears that pop up and appear wide and rounded, that’s a small bear, no matter what your brain is telling you.
Mature bears have wider heads that result in increased spacing between the ears. Their larger heads also make the size of the ears appear much smaller, losing the rounded appearance.
The adage to remember is this: Big ears, little bear. Little ears, big bear.
Bear bellies
Being described as roly-poly isn’t generally considered a compliment. When applied to a bear’s physique, however, the more roly-poly the better. Portly and rotund work too.
The natural shape of a well-nourished, mature black bear should appear unhealthy by human standards.
A thick neck and a big, broad back rippled with fat are good indicators for size. The size and girth of the bear’s midsection and belly, however, are the biggest giveaways to age and maturity when considering body shape.
Look for how low the belly hangs in relation to the bear’s legs. If the belly forms a mostly even line from shoulders to rump above the elbows, it most likely is a younger bear. As a bear matures, the belly will swell in the middle and fill out as viewed on all fours.
Daylight visible between the ground and the belly is another great indicator. If it appears the bear is dragging its belly on the ground, you may have a bear of a lifetime in front of you.
Legging it
The appearance, length and overall size of a black bear’s legs go hand in hand with the belly judgment.
Long legs on a bear typically indicate an immature bear. If you have heard the term “dog-bear” mentioned before, this is where it originates. Dog bears are usually one- to two-year-old bears that haven’t filled in yet. Think young teenagers.
There is an exception to this rule, however. When mature bears leave the den in spring they may appear skinny and long-legged as a result of weight loss and malnourishment during hibernation. Once food sources become available in the woods, mature bears will fatten up to normal size, usually in time for the fall hunting season.